# Conjugation of Verbs 

Taken from Johannes Heinecke: Temporal Deixis in Welsh and Breton. Heidelberg: Winter 1999. ISBN 3-8253-0922-3. 

## Regular Verbs

The following tables give the paradigms of the synthetic verbs in
the traditional spelling (upper line using the radical, i.e. unmutated
form) and the « new spelling » adopted in recent years due to spoken
language's influence on the written language (cf. Jones 1976, Wiilliams 1980 and King 1993)

### Indicative (Mood=Ind)
 
| name      | Future Tense | Perfective Preterite Tense | Potential Tense | Irreal Tense |
| ---- | -------------- | ---------------- | ------------ | ----------- |
| alternative name  |   |                  | (Conditional Tense) | (Pluperfect Tense) |
| UD Tense feature value | `Fut` | `Past`  | `Imp` (Mood: `Cnd`)       | `Pqp`         |
| 1SG  | *canaf*        | *cenais*         | *canwn*      | *canaswn*   |
|      | *cana i* 	| *canais i*       | *canwn i*    |             |
| 2SG  | *ceni*  	| *cenaist*        | *canit*   	  | *canait*    |
|      | *cani di*	| *canaist ti*     | *canet* ti*  |             |
| 3SG  | *cân*  	| *canodd*         | *canai*      | *canasai*   |
|      | *caniff/canith o* |  *canodd o*   | *canai fo*   |             |
| 1PL  | *canwn* 	| *canasom*        | *canem*      | *canasem*   |
|      | *canon ni*	| *can(s)on ni*    | *canen ni*   |             |
| 2PL  | *cenwch* 	| *canasoch*       | *canech* 	  | *canasech*  |
|      | *canwch chi*	| *can(s)och chi*  | *canech chi* |             |
| 3PL  | *canant* 	| *canasant*       | *canent*     | *canasent*  |
|      | *canan nhw*	| *can(s)on nhw*   | *canen nhw*  |             |
| IMPS | *cenir*	| *canwyd*         | *cenid*      | *canasid/canesid* |

### Subjunctive (Mood=Sub)

| name      | Present Tense | Preterite Tense |
| ---- | -------------- | ---------------- | 
| UD Tense feature value | `Pres` | `Past`  |
| 1SG  | *canwyf*        | *canwn* |
| 2SG  | *cenych*        | *cenit* |
| 3SG  | *cano*          | *canai* |
| 1PL  | *canom*         | *canem* |
| 2PL  | *cenoch*        | *canech* |
| 3PL  | *canont*        | *canent* |
| IMPS | *caner*         | *cenid* |


## *bod* to be

### Indicative


|    | Future Tense | Perfective Preterite Tense | Potential Tense | Irreal Tense | Present Tense | Imperfective  Preterite Tense |
| ---- | -------------- | ---------------- | ------------ | -------------- | ---------- | -------------- |
| UD Tense feature value | `Fut` | `Past`  | `Imp` (Mood: `Cnd`)| `Pqp` | `Pres` | `Imp`
| 1SG | *byddaf*        | *bûm*         | *byddwn, bawn*   | *buaswn*      |  *yr (yd)wyf*                | *yr oeddwn*     |
|     | *bydda i*       | *bues i*      | *byddwn i*       | *baswn i*     |  *rydw i*                    | *roeddwn i*     |
| 2SG | *byddi*         | *buost*       | *byddit, baet*   | *buasit*      |  *yr (yd)wyt*                | *yr oeddit*     |
|     | *byddi di*      | *buest ti*    | *byddet ti*      | *basit ti*    |  *rwyt ti*                   | *roeddet ti*    |
| 3SG | *bydd*          | *bu*          | *byddai, bai*    | *buasai*      |  *(yd)yw, y mae, oes, sydd*  | *yr oedd*
|     | *bydd o*        | *buodd o*     | *byddai fo*      | *basai fo*    |  *mae o, oes, sy*            | *roedd o*       |
| 1PL | *byddwn*        | *buom*        | *byddem, baem*   | *buasem*      |  *yr (yd)ym*                 | *yr oeddem*     |
|     | *byddwn ni*     | *buon ni*     | *bydden ni*      | *basen ni*    |  *rydyn ni*                  | *roedden ni*    |
| 2PL | *byddwch*       | *buoch*       | *byddech, baech* | *buasech*     |  *yr (yd)ych*                | *yr oeddech*    |
|     | *byddwch chi*   | *buoch chi*   | *byddech chi*    | *basech chi*  |  *rydych chi*                | *roeddech chi*  |
| 3PL | *byddant*       | *buant/buont* | *byddent, baent* | *buasent*     |  *(yd)ynt, y maent*          | *yr oeddent*    |
|     | *byddan nhw*    | *buon nhw*    | *bydden nhw*     | *basen nhw*   |  *maen nhw, ydyn nhw*        | *roedden nhw*   |
| IMPS | *byddir*       | *buwyd*       | *byddid*         | *buasid*      |  *(yd)ys*                    | *oeddid*        |

### Subjunctive

| name | Present Tense | Preterite Tense |
| ---- | -------------- | ---------------- | 
| UD Tense feature value | `Pres` | `Past`  |
| 1SG  | *bwyf, byddwyf*   | *bof*  |
| 2SG  | *bych, byddych*   | *bot*  |
| 3SG  | *bo, byddo*       | *bo*   |
| 1PL  | *bôm, byddom*     | *bôn*  |
| 2PL  | *boch, byddoch*   | *boch* |
| 3PL  | *bônt, byddont*   | *bôn*  |
| IMPS | *bydder*          |        |