Deep syntax

The goal of the deep syntax is to give a linguistic description of sentences which is closer to a semantic representation. More information about deep syntax can be found on the Deep-sequoia project.

For the sentence:

“La souris a été mangée par le chat.” ["The mouse was eaten by the cat."].

the deep structure (following Deep-sequoia guidelines) is: Deep dependency structure

With Grew, this representation can be computed from the surface syntax in two steps:

A general representation (called deep_and_surf) encodes both surface and deep syntax in the same structure.
A projection from the deep_and_surf to the deep structure

Building the mixed structure

The GRS used to build the mixed deep_and_surf structure can be obtained by:

git clone https://gitlab.inria.fr/grew/SSQtoDSQ.git

The input of the GRS which produced the deep_and_surf structure is the surf structure. We recall here the surface structure (see Dependency parsing page) for our example sentence and we suppose that the file test.surf.conll contains the CoNLL-U description below:

# sent_id = 00000
1	La	le	D	DET	_	2	det	_	_
2	souris	souris	N	NC	s=c	5	suj	_	_
3	a	avoir	V	V	m=ind	5	aux.tps	_	_
4	été	être	V	VPP	m=part|t=past	5	aux.pass	_	_
5	mangée	manger	V	VPP	m=part|t=past	_	_	_	_
6	par	par	P	P	_	5	p_obj.agt	_	_
7	le	le	D	DET	_	8	det	_	_
8	chat	chat	N	NC	s=c	6	obj.p	_	_
9	.	.	PONCT	PONCT	_	5	ponct	_	_

The mixed structure is then computed with the command:

grew transform -grs SSQtoDSQ/grs/main_dsq.grs -i test.surf.conll -o test.deep_and_surf.conll

which produces the file test.deep_and_surf.conll which contains the code below corresponding the next figure

# global.columns = ID FORM LEMMA UPOS XPOS FEATS HEAD DEPREL DEPS MISC
# sent_id = 00000
1	La	le	D	DET	_	2	det	_	_
2	souris	souris	N	NC	s=c	5	suj:suj	_	_
3	a	avoir	V	V	m=ind|void=y	5	S:aux.tps	_	_
4	été	être	V	VPP	m=part|t=past|void=y	5	S:aux.pass	_	_
5	mangée	manger	V	VPP	m=part|t=past	_	_	_	_
6	par	par	P	P	_	5	p_obj.agt	_	_
7	le	le	D	DET	_	8	det	_	_
8	chat	chat	N	NC	s=c	6	obj.p	_	_
9	.	.	PONCT	PONCT	_	5	ponct	_	_

Mixed dependency structure

Building the deep structure

The deep structure is a projection form the mixed structure. This projection is realised with a GRS file sequoia_proj.grs which can be download with the commands:

wget https://gitlab.inria.fr/sequoia/deep-sequoia/raw/master/tools/sequoia_proj.grs

The deep structure is then computed with the command:

grew transform -grs sequoia_proj.grs -strat deep -i test.deep_and_surf.conll -o test.deep.conll

The output test.deep.conll is given below (code and picture):

# global.columns = ID FORM LEMMA UPOS XPOS FEATS HEAD DEPREL DEPS MISC
# sent_id = 00000
1	La	le	D	DET	_	2	det	_	_
2	souris	souris	N	NC	s=c	5	suj	_	_
3	a	avoir	V	V	m=ind|void=y	0|1|2|4|5|6|7|8|9	void|void|void|void|void|void|void|void|void	_	_
4	été	être	V	VPP	m=part|t=past|void=y	0|1|2|3|5|6|7|8|9	void|void|void|void|void|void|void|void|void	_	_
5	mangée	manger	V	VPP	m=part|t=past	_	_	_	_
6	par	par	P	P	_	5	p_obj.agt	_	_
7	le	le	D	DET	_	8	det	_	_
8	chat	chat	N	NC	s=c	6	obj.p	_	_
9	.	.	PONCT	PONCT	_	5	ponct	_	_

Deep dependency structure